Congenital Liver Defects

What are congenital liver defects?

Defects of the liver at birth usually affect the bile ducts. Though rare, some congenital liver defects include the following:

• biliary atresia - a condition in which the bile ducts are absent or have developed abnormally.

• choledochal cyst - a malformation of the hepatic duct that can obstruct flow of bile in infants.

What are the indicators that a congenital liver defect may be present?

Congenital liver defects that affect the flow of bile share some common symptoms. The following are the most common symptoms of congenital liver defect. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• jaundice - yellowing of the skin and eyes.
• dark urine
• pale stool

The symptoms of congenital liver defects may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.

How are congenital liver defects diagnosed?

Congenital liver defects that affect the flow of bile are usually diagnosed at birth or shortly afterward. In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for a congenital liver defect may include the following:

• laboratory tests
  
  
• liver function tests - a series of special blood tests that can determine if the liver is functioning properly.
  
  
• liver biopsy - a procedure in which tissue samples from the liver are removed (with a needle or during surgery) from the body for examination under a microscope.

Treatment for congenital liver defects:

Specific treatment for congenital liver defects will be determined by your child's physician based on:

• your child's age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disease
• your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disease
• your opinion or preference

Treatment may include surgery to reconstruct or bypass the bile ducts. Sometimes, a liver transplant may be necessary.

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