What Increases Your Risk
The most common cause of
cervical cancer is a persistent infection with a high-risk type of
human papillomavirus (HPV
). HPV infection of the
cervix is a
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
. A past HPV
infection in you or your partner can cause abnormal cervical cell changes years
later because the virus may remain in the body for life. HPV infection usually
does not cause symptoms and often goes away without causing any problems, so
you or your partner may not be aware of a current or past HPV infection.
Other risk factors that may increase your risk for
cervical cancer include:
- High-risk sexual behaviors, such as having more
than one sex partner, or having a sex partner who has more than one partner.
Safer sex can reduce your risk.
- Having an
impaired immune system
. For example, women with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
seem to:
6
- Have higher rates of HPV
infection.
- Be more likely to develop cervical cell changes from
HPV.
- Be more likely to quickly develop cervical cancer from those
cell changes.
-
Using birth control pills for more than
5 years. This may be related to infection with HPV.
5
-
Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
before birth (prenatal exposure), though this is rare.
- Smoking or a
history of smoking, and possibly exposure to secondhand smoke.
Pregnant women have the same risk of developing
cervical cancer as nonpregnant women.
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