Pap Test

What is a Pap test?

A Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear) is a way to examine cells collected from the cervix, or the "mouth" of the womb (located at the top of the vagina), for the presence of:

• infection
• inflammation
• abnormal cells
• cancer

Why is a Pap test suggested to women?

A Pap test, along with a pelvic examination, is an important part of a woman's routine healthcare because it may detect abnormalities that can lead to invasive cancer. Most invasive cancers of the cervix can be detected early if women have Pap tests and pelvic examinations regularly. As with many types of cancer, cancer of the cervix is more likely to be successfully treated if it is detected early.

The Pap test is useful for detecting not only cancerous cells, but also other cervical and vaginal abnormalities including dysplasia (precancerous cells) and inflammation. Inflammation may be caused by:

• yeast infections
• trichomoniasis infections
• bacteria
• viruses
• medications or other chemicals
• hormones
• pregnancy
• miscarriage (or abortion)

Who should have Pap tests?

According to the National Cancer Institute:

• Women who are or have been sexually active, or have reached age 18, should have Pap tests and physical (and pelvic) examinations regularly.
  
  
• Generally, there is no upper age at which Pap tests cease to be effective. Older women should continue to have regular physical examinations, including pelvic exams and Pap tests.
  
  
• Women who have had a hysterectomy should consult their physicians about whether or not to continue having regular Pap tests.

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