Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
What is premenstrual syndrome?
Most women experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during
their menstrual cycle. For some women, the symptoms are significant, but
of short duration and not disabling. Other women, however, may have one
or more of a broad range of symptoms that temporarily disturb normal functioning.
These symptoms may last from a few hours to many days. The types and intensity
of symptoms vary in individuals. This group of symptoms is referred to
as premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. Although the symptoms usually cease
with onset of the menstrual period, in some women, symptoms may last through
and after their periods.
What are the symptoms of PMS?
The following are the most common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms
may include:
What causes PMS?
Premenstrual syndrome seems to be related to fluctuations in estrogen
and progesterone. The following has been suggested as possible causes
of PMS:
- estrogen-progesterone imbalance
- hyperprolactinemia (excessive secretion of prolactin, the hormone
that stimulates breast development)
- excessive aldosterone, or ADH (hormone that functions in the regulation
of the metabolism of sodium, chloride, and potassium)
- carbohydrate metabolism changes
- retention of sodium and water by the kidneys
- hypoglycemia (low blood-glucose)
Treatment for PMS:
Specific treatment for PMS will be determined by your physician based
on:
- your age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the disorder
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the disorder
- your opinion or preference
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, counseling
with your physician regarding symptoms can increase understanding and
lead to activities for stress management. Other possible treatment protocols
for managing premenstrual syndrome symptoms may include:
- diuretic use prior to the time symptoms are usually noted (to reduce
fluid retention)
- progesterone (hormone treatment)
- changing the diet (to increase protein and decrease sugar and caffeine
intake)
- antidepressant medication
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